Diesel and gasoline generator set maintenance: the composition and model of the generator set

Generator unit composition and model

1. The composition of the generator set

Internal combustion generator sets are widely used in high-rise residential buildings, institutions, hospitals, factories, schools, shops, etc. as auxiliary power or backup power because of their small size, light weight, simple operation and convenient movement. Fully automated generator sets are used not only in high mountains, wilderness, desert related equipment, microwave communication relay stations, satellite and fiber optic communication relay stations, but also in special units and departments that must be restored within seconds after the power supply is interrupted.

The internal combustion generator set is a machine that converts the mechanical energy of the internal combustion engine into electrical energy through a generator. It is mainly composed of an internal combustion engine, a generator, a control panel (box), a chassis, a coupling, a fuel tank, and the like. Figure 1-1 shows the whole machine of diesel and gasoline generator sets.

Figure 1-1 Diesel and gasoline generator sets

(1) Internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine mainly refers to a diesel engine or a gasoline engine. It is the prime mover of the generator set. The heat generated by burning the fuel drives the crankshaft to rotate, thereby outputting mechanical energy.

(2) Diesel generators. A generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The output has single-phase alternating current and three-phase alternating current, and the excitation has brushless excitation. Phase compound excitation, third harmonic excitation. Excitation machine (AC, DC) excitation and Other methods.

(3) Control panel (box) The electric energy generated by the generator set is output to the power supply device through the control panel (box) and distributed. At the same time, in order to stabilize the output of the generator K and to protect the safety of the generator, and to understand the operating conditions of the generator? Excitation regulators, protection devices, measuring instruments, indicator lights, etc. are also installed on the control panel (box).

(4) Coupling and chassis. The internal combustion engine and the generator are generally coaxially connected by a belt drive or a coupling. Couplings mostly use elastic pin couplings. As shown in Figure 1-2. The internal combustion engine, generator, control box and fuel tank of the small generator set are all mounted on the common chassis.

2. Classification and model of generator set

(1) Classification of generator sets. The generator set can be divided into fixed type and mobile type according to the working mode. Generally speaking, the generator set is generally mobile. The generator set can be generally divided into:

1 Basic generator set. It has general control functions and simple protection measures, and most of them are manually adjusted operating states, generally used as main power or backup power.

2 “Three Guarantees” type generator set. On the basis of the basic generator set, the water temperature and low oil pressure, the overspeed automatic report and the emergency stop protection device are added.

3 Automatic generator set. On the basis of the basic generator set, a self-starting control system is added. When the utility power suddenly loses power, the generator set can be automatically started, automatically switched, and automatically put into operation. When the utility power is restored, it can automatically stop and have the specified automatic fault protection function. The automatic generator set controlled by the special controller (microcomputer) realizes intelligent control by using the microcomputer, has more complete functions, is more reliable in operation, and can be unattended.

(2) Model of the generator set. The model number of the generator set is as follows:



Variant serial number, the design serial number is represented by a number, the control mode is represented by a number, and Z is an automation. The basic type does not mark the noise level, and S is low noise. Ordinary type is not marked. The way to move. According to Yumu, Q is a power station, T is a trailer power station, and F is a generator set. The type of current is represented by letters, G is the power frequency, and P is the intermediate frequency. Rated power (kW), expressed in terms of numbers, for example. 20GF7-8 diesel generator set, representing the seventh form of the power frequency (50Hz) diesel generator set with a rated power of 20kW, the eighth variant; 50GFSZ1-2 diesel generator set, indicating the rated power of 50kW power frequency low noise automatic diesel Generator set, first form, second variant. The single-phase and H-phase generator sets are modeled in the same way, but differ in terms of technical specifications.

Internal combustion generators sold in the market, such as Cummins diesel generator sets, Volvo diesel generator sets, Mitsubishi diesel generator sets, Cork diesel generator sets, Shangchai diesel generator sets, Yuchai diesel generator sets, etc., need to be determined according to their respective specifications. The unit model and how to use it.