Brief description of high purity sorting technology for black plastics

When recycling household waste and used electrical appliances, used motor vehicles and other items, a large amount of a mixture of various plastics is produced. In order to obtain a clean, reusable and pure single type of plastic, sorting is usually required. In the sorting process, since the high-grade black plastic cannot be separated by the traditional separation process, and the current market lacks proper sorting means, the final product obtained is of low purity.

Typical separation line for separating mixed plastics

Black is a sleek, modern color, so many high-tech devices such as phones and laptops use this color on their plastic surfaces. In addition, many plastic parts use only black materials for cost reasons. The so-called "colored surface" is actually obtained by spraying or metallizing. For example, bumpers for automobiles are produced in black or dark grey without exception. To match the color of the applied subject, spray it with the desired color. Many plastic applications do not play an aesthetic role as the appearance of photocopiers, computers, etc., such as various functional components of automobiles, such as ventilation equipment, which are usually produced in black. This makes production and storage easier, but makes recycling more difficult.

Therefore, a large number of high-grade plastics such as ABS, PS, etc. are produced in the recycling of electrical or electronic equipment, of which about 50-70% are all black. In recycled used cars, the proportion of black particles in plastic chips is also very high. As the world leader in electrostatic separation technology, Hamos has recently developed a process that can sort black plastics from different applications to form a pure single material.

Sorting colored plastics usually takes a different approach. Many plastic mixtures from household waste (such as post-consumer packaging waste, obtained from the garbage collection point of the German DSD packaging binary recovery system) mostly use fully automatic sorting equipment, which is used in the sorting plant. Divided into a single small piece. The camera technology used uses NIR near-infrared technology to evaluate the near-infrared spectrum reflected by plastic. Each type of plastic has its own unique spectrum that can be used to identify different materials. However, since black plastic does not reflect, there is no spectrum that can be discerned, so it cannot be sorted by this method.

At present, efforts are being made to study new optical sorting techniques that can eliminate the above disadvantages, but are all subject to physics limitations without exception. In addition, most of the plastic parts to be separated are small pieces. Due to the mechanical treatment described above, the particle size is basically less than 50 mm. Worse, there is also serious contamination due to spraying or adhesion of organic or inorganic contaminants. surface.

In this case, there is currently no optical sorting device for identifying plastics that is practically available on the market. The market requires a large number of sorting systems that are capable of obtaining clean components from mixed plastics.

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